The cause of dandruff is complicated, but essentially, this is how dandruff develops: Yeasts normally present on the scalp (called Malassezia) consume the oil produced by the scalp (called sebum). Their byproducts get into the skin, and the skin cells begin to multiply too rapidly. As the old cells slough off in flakes, the dandruff sufferer experiences an uncomfortable itch. Finally, the scalp skin barrier is compromised, which leads to water loss and scalp dryness. 

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